Andrew Jackson Essay free essay sample

Was Andrew Jackson actually an awful president? He unquestionably was. Andrew Jackson was the seventh leader of the United States. He was a government official and a military general. He was viewed as a man of the average folks. Some view him as a decent president and some state he was insidious. Jackson was unquestionably insidious. He caused the decimation of the National Bank, mishandled the corruption, and designed the Indian evacuation demonstration of 1830. The principal reason Andrew Jackson was a ghastly president is that he caused the decimation of the national bank. On September 10, 1833. President Jackson reported the administration will no longer utilize the Second Bank of the United States, the countrys national bank. He at that point utilized his official capacity to expel every single government subsidize from the bank. Jackson expelled every single government subsidize from the Second Bank of the U.S., redistributing them to different state banks. They got known as pet banks. We will compose a custom paper test on Andrew Jackson Essay or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He halted all stores to the bank. Jackson had prevailing with regards to decimating the bank. Its sanction authoritatively terminated in 1836. This demonstrated his maltreatment of presidential force during the Bank War. The second explanation Andrew Jackson was a detestable president was a direct result of his maltreatment of the corruption. The corruption was giving faithful individuals from the gathering government office positions. Under Andrew Jackson 919 authorities were expelled from government positions, which was 10 percent of all administration postings. He made a decisive victory of government work holders. The third explanation Andrew Jackson was a horrible president was a result of the Indian Removal Act. The Indian Removal Act was marked into law by Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, approving the president to allow disrupted terrains west of the Mississippi in return for Indian grounds inside existing state fringes. A couple of clans went calmly, yet most opposed the movement strategy. Throughout the fall and winter of 1838 and 1839, the Cherokees were persuasively moved west by the legislature. Around 4,000 Cherokees passed on this constrained walk, which got known as the Trail of Tears. You truly think a person that annihilated the national bank, manhandled the corruption, and caused the Indian Removal Act was a decent a president? How couldâ a fellow that despised and slaughtered Indians be adulated. Such a person ought to be viewed as one of the most noticeably terrible leaders of the United States. Individuals considered him the man of the individuals yet he was no man of the minorities individuals. He contributed numerous things to American history and the entirety of the cooperative attitude be exceeded by his fiendishness.

Jewish Population of Victorian England Essay examples -- Victorian Era

The Jewish Population of Victorian England HISTORY The Jews had their foundations in Eastern Europe but on the other hand were dissipated in western European nations, for example, England. The Jewish populace has been truly scapegoated since the hour of the medieval Church. Generalizations have been shaped of the individuals rehearsing this religion for a long time in England and somewhere else on the Continent. The timetable shows the movement of the populace in England and the steps they have made longer than a century. YEAR # OF JEWS IN ENGLAND 1815 25000 1851 35000 1880 60000 (Naman 47) In 1800, the mind larger part of London's Jews, rich and poor, were all the while living in the East End of London, in and around the city (Black 63). Not until decades later would Jews move out of the East End and move outwards from London and structure their own networks. East End was the direct inverse of West End London. Dark portrays an incredible piece of the East End in miserably beautiful scene. The precise unpleasantness of the structures is hidden [with] the nightfall (Black 63). Like a ghetto and being the less fortunate part of town, it sustained the generalization that the Jewish populace comprised of obscure individuals. map THE STEREOTYPES The pictures that started with the demeanor of the medieval Church towards Jews might be named the original pictures: The moneylender, the killer, the fallen angel united to frame the picture of the untouchable - an outsider from society, a being independent from different creatures (Naman 31). With the Church backing the segregation of the Jewish populace, the generalizations proceeded and expanded the ominous perspectives Anglicans held for this different religion. Subsequently, Jews have been the social p... ...ese physical properties might not have been precise however are the stamp of a Jewish man with the goal that the peruser may consistently recall and recognize such a character as being Jewish. The physical qualities Dickens uses likewise incorporates a corroded enormous overflowed low delegated cap, staff and somebody who utilizes an agile Eastern activity of praise (Dickens 273). Such cliché properties are pervasive of Jewish characters in Victorian books. SOME PROMINENT JEWISH MEN OF THE VICTORIAN ERA Benjamin Disraeli Nathan Rothschild, first Baron Rothschild Sir David Salomons Works Cited Dark, Gerry. Jewish London: An Illustrated History. Derby: The Breedon Books Publishing Company Limited, 2003. Dickens, Charles. Our Mutual Friend. New York: Penguin Group, 1997. Naman, Anne Aresty. The Jew in the Victorian Novel . AMS Press, Inc.: New York, 1980.

Media and Body Image †Essay Essay

How does the media impact our self-perception? In what structures, does the media impact our observations about our body? These were simply the two inquiries that I posed so as to do the examination paper and the board conversation. As I would like to think, I would concur that the media does impact and elevate ladies and men to accept that the culture’s norms for self-perception are perfect. Subsequently, the expressions, â€Å"thin is in† and â€Å"the impeccable body† are two instances of â€Å"eye-catching† features that I saw in numerous ladies magazines. I discovered that the media impacts us through TV, style and wellbeing magazines, music recordings, film, ads, and different promotions. Tragically, therefore, this rehashed presentation, the â€Å"thin† perfect, can lead numerous little youngsters in activating dietary problems, sorrow, low confidence, stress, and self destruction. Subsequent to getting this significant data, I chose to conce ntrate my exploration on what sort of media impacts primary younger students and the pre-adult youngster. The three focal kinds of media that I found that did without a doubt impact self-perception are: Fashion magazines, celebrated top-models and entertainers, and adolescent or youthful grown-up ladies in the music business. As indicated by the Seretean Center for Health Promotion, † the term, â€Å"body image† has been instituted to depict a person’s inward feeling of fulfillment or disappointment with the physical appearance of her/his body.† (From The Wellness Column, April 1, 1996.) In my examination, I found that numerous little youngsters are disappointed with their bodies and numerous â€Å"strive† to resemble the â€Å"waif-thin† models or on-screen characters one sees on TV or in design magazines. There was a great deal of data and realities on body and picture that I found on the Internet. Be that as it may, one site, Just Think Foundation, bolstered my conviction that the media, magazines specifically, do in fact impact little youngsters to be â€Å"thin† so as to be famous and lovely in our general public. For instance, I was in frightened to discover that â€Å"eighty percent of 10-year-old American young ladies diet; in excess of 5,000,000 Ame ricans experience the ill effects of dietary problems and 90% of those are pre-adult and youthful grown-up ladies; the main enchantment wish for little youngsters age 11-17 is to be more slender; and among rudimentary and secondary school, the level of young ladies in the U.S. who are â€Å"happy with the way I am† drops from 60% to 29%.† (from Just Think Foundation) These realities wereâ from the JTF’s Body Image Project incorporated by Jean Holzgang that is a mindfulness crusade on self-perception. In design magazines, numerous little youngsters see â€Å"waif-thin† models like Kate Moss who is one of many top models that tragically speaks to the â€Å"perfect† self-perception that young ladies are endeavoring towards. Shockingly, numerous adolescent young ladies don't comprehend that looking precisely like their preferred supermodel is ridiculous. Truth be told, concerning the supermodel photographs, many are corrected before they are printed out, the â€Å"fashion clothes† are regularly conduit taped to upgrade fit, numerous imperfections are secured or modified, there is at any rate two inches expelled from the thighs, and the normal design model gauges 23-25% not exactly the normal lady. This so as to make that â€Å"ideal† or â€Å"perfect† self-perception everybody is taking a stab at and tragica lly kicking the bucket for. This impulse to be â€Å"thin† has driven numerous little youngsters to have a negative self-perception that perilously prepares to dietary issues, for example, Anorexia and Bulimia, with the end goal for them to accomplish their longing for slenderness. In TV and motion pictures, numerous adolescent young ladies watch and watch these entertainers, for example, Calista Flockhart, Courtney Cox, Jennifer Aniston, Gweneth Paltrow, Lara Flynn Boyle, and numerous other people who have appeared to have went from a â€Å"average† weight to a â€Å"sickly, demise look†. This is by all accounts setting a perilous pattern for the American culture, especially ladies and little youngsters. Indeed, there are unlimited pictures of dainty ladies on TV, in films, in ladies and men’s magazines and in ads. For example, these â€Å"Hollywood job models† do greatly affect youthful watchers and numerous guardians are concerned that their little girls are attempting to impersonate their preferred stars. As indicated by Adrienne Ressler, self-perception authority at the Renfrew Center in Coconut Creek, Fla., â€Å"For teenagers, the perfect for the individual they need to be the point at which they grow up is either a famous actor, TV entertainer or supermodel, and the accentuation is especially on outer appearance. Our patients would pass on and for all intents and purposes do-to look like Calista Flockhart.† ( People, 10-18-99) In the music business, the most well known media impact is the music video and the kinds of design drifts the entertainer shows in front of an audience. The most well known youthful grown-up entertainer is high schooler sensation Britney Spears. This truly, youngster is just 17 years of age and right now has hugy affected the high schooler young ladies. For instance, as of late, Miss Spears was on the front of Rolling Stone magazine and she worked up contention when it seemed to resemble the artist hadâ breast upgrades or basically, bosom inserts. (I n all decency, I didn't get an opportunity to see that front of Rolling Stone.) Miss Spears has denied the bosom embed charge and is cited as saying; â€Å"her mother would execute her on the off chance that she had such an operation.† Nonetheless, I read that numerous fans accept that she looks unique in relation to her first video, Baby One More Time, with her most recent, Sometimes, in that her bosoms do appear as though they were carefully upgraded. This gossip has a lot of guardians stressed that their own little girls should imitate the teenager pop icon since she is advancing the â€Å"ideal image† of a young ladies body. Another case of a â€Å"music video† picture is Victoria Beckham (Posh Spice) of the notable Spice Girls. She was viewed as a â€Å"head-turner† due to her shapely great looks and planner garments. Along these lines, realize one would have thought of her as over-weight or excessively surprising, however at an ongoing Fashion party, numerous spectators were paralyzed to see â€Å"Beckham’s sticking ribs and collarbones† that kindred visitors answered, â€Å"She unquestionably looks like she’s had an emotional weight loss.† (People, 10-18-99) T hese two models in addition to the many others I have perused my examination, have permitted me to arrive at the resolution that, a large number of Hollywood’s most prominent entertainers and entertainers have become accomplices in the â€Å"thin is in† look in this industry. As I would see it, this is exceptionally upsetting and risky for some little youngsters who admire these ladies as â€Å"Role all in all, I trust that T.V., magazines, music recordings, advertisements, retail locations and different mediums understand that there are ladies of every single distinctive shape and sizes, there is a higher level of ladies that are generally a normal size of 12 and there is proof that a lesser level of ladies who are a size 2 to 4. Shockingly, it is the size 2 to 4 ladies who are being perceived as the â€Å"ideal† self-perception in our general public. Moreover, I would prefer to have more ladies like Kate Winslet, Rosie O’Donnell, Emme, and numerous other â€Å"average† ladies on the fronts of well known magazines and in TV. These are the â€Å"true job models† for me, the ones who elevate sound approaches to get in shape, elevate solid approaches to such as yourself for what your identity is, and not advance the undesirable â€Å"body image† that engages our brain

The Pitfall of Interview Essay Papers Samples

The Pitfall of Interview Essay Papers Samples It's mandatory to likewise reiterate the thesis statement and mention any upcoming research. The subject of your paper and the selected literature needs to be adjacent. Research from Stelzner states the exact same. Depending where you reside, it might also be possible to finish your papers on line. Sheets of paper needs to be stapled at the top left-hand corner. The title of the paper ought to be written in the middle of the webpage. Since you are going to learn from looking through any superior research paper example, writing a wonderful paper involves so far more than simply throwing a lot of text and citations into a word processor and hoping for the very best. Even a product which also has ion exchange to eliminate metallic ions, like lead and copper, is more affordable than RO. Professional cheap custom made writings service offers quality academic guidance to the students. For an involved in your particular way that yo u're writing service provides custom research. If you need assistance with your research paper you run into the suitable spot. The History of Interview Essay Papers Samples Refuted A 1000 word essay is an intricate essay paper that has to reveal the principal topic in details and offer practical conclusions. Articles and books are frequently the topic of the majority of analyses essays. Although the subject of your essay functions as the title, the title part of your essay consists of several additional elements. Everyone plans their essays differently, but some kind of planning is essential in the event the essay is to prevent rambling. Starting and completing this essay doesn't always appear difficult as one would anticipate. The proper focusing is requested when you need to prepare a fantastic essay paper. An analytical essay topic that's engaging and effective is critical. Interview Essay Papers Samples Features If after taking a look at law school essay samples you think that you cannot take care of the paper on your own, just know that it's a typical feeling for many. An important key to acceptance into college programs relies on generally great scores on at least one of these tests. The subsequent illness can lead to death in some instances. Generally, social science research, a scientific research, applies similar research methodologies the very same as different forms of research like marketing research that's inherent with both quantitative strategy and qualitative strategy , clinical research that's emphasized on specific areas like pharmaceutical, chemical, health care research, and so forth. The program becomes increasingly better in its job as a growing number of essays are being entered and can eventually offer specific feedback almost instantly. 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Marriage Is It Just for a Man and a Woman Essay

Is America being taken over by same-sex couples who are seeking the same right to marry that heterosexual couples enjoy, or is that just the way the media is portraying it? The fact is that in the United States between 2006 and 2008, 4.6% of females and 2.8% of males ages 18 to 44 reported that they were homosexual or bisexual. The purpose of this essay is to examine the arguments for and against the right of same-sex marriage in the United States. Is marriage just for a man and a woman? The fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution states that, â€Å" . . . No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property†¦show more content†¦In a national study done by the UCLA School of Law in March of 2007, an estimated two million gay, lesbian, and bisexual people are interested in adopting children (Badgett). If there are so many people intereste d in adopting children, what’s stopping them? Many states in America prohibit the adoption of children to couples who are not married, such as homosexual couples. Some may argue that homosexual couples are less-equipped at raising children; this study proves otherwise. Reports show that same-sex couples raising adopted children are older, more educated, and have more economic resources than other adoptive parents (Badgett). The proposed bans on allowing homosexuals to foster or adopt children could potentially displace somewhere between 9,000 and 14,000 children in the United States (Badgett). More importantly, there are many capable homosexual couples wanting to adopt children. Allowing same-sex marriage in America brings us one step closer to making that happen. Homosexual individuals are not simply choosing to be attracted to members of the same sex; a growing body of research shows that genetics play a part in sexual orientation. Denying a group of people rights, based on their biological characteristics, is unconstitutional. In a series of twin and adoption studies published in the Harvard Mental Health Letter in January of 1994, it was shown that identical twins were more likely to both be homosexual thenShow MoreRelatedGod Hates Same Sex Marriage Essay978 Words   |  4 Pages Marriage is a precious gift given from the good lord up above. Marriage is a privilege that should be allowed to only a man and a woman. In the bible there are many scriptures that back up my opinion on marriage, and none of the scriptures say same sex marriage is okay. In this modern day and age people are altering the definition of marriage. People are trying to add between a man and a man or between a woman and a woman. The importance of my topic is to keep the original definitionRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesSame Sex Marriage! There are many different views and opinions on the relationship between a man and a woman vs. the relationship between a man and a man or a woman and a woman for that matter. Same-sex marriage is a big issue in the United States, many are against it however; many are for it. If you do your research, you can find many negative and positive reasons for which society thinks it should be legal or illegal. What people fail to realize, is that what matters in a marriage is love. MarriageRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal894 Words   |  4 PagesSame sex marriage is already legal in 37 states, but it it s still banned in 13 states. A normal marriage has always been between a man and a woman marriage is for procreation and should not be extended to same- sex couples because they cannot produce children together. A human child should have a mother and a father. Gay marriage is the opposite to the word of god and is incompatible with the beliefs.† Marriage is a union between o ne man and one woman, designed of god to last so long so long theyRead MorePosition Paper-Gay Marriage1469 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage. When most people think of an ideal â€Å"marriage†, a man and a woman sharing vows and devoting their lives to each other is what is pictured. Well, this is only 100 percent true in most cases. Today’s society has accumulated different types of marriages: a marriage between a man and a woman, between a man and a man, or between a woman and a woman. Though each of these unions may not all be legal in each of the 50 states, couples still proceed with the ceremonies. I feel as though thereRead MoreWhat Makes A Marriage A Strong Foundation?1292 Words   |  6 Pageschose soul mates for their children. A long time ago affection was uncommon in most marriages; the marriages of the day were primarily economic arrangements.† By the sixteenth hundredth courtly love had change to have sexual involvement between the lady of nobili ty and her paramour. Sixteen and seventeen hundredth is when people started to value romantic love but still valued to be faithful to save oneself until marriage. Seventeen and eighteen hundreds parent setup and romantic love were competing sideRead MoreShould God Have Allowed For Marry Men?1223 Words   |  5 Pagesto marry men? With this in mind, think about how wrong it really is. Even though many people believe that gay marriage is totally normal, Same-Sex Marriage should be illegal because God would not have allowed it in his kingdom and Marriage is between a man and a woman. Many people believe that God made homosexuals to be homosexual but he did not. The promoters of same-sex â€Å"marriage† propose something entirely different. They propose the union between two men or two women. This denies the self-evidentRead MoreArgumentative Essay on Gay Marriage842 Words   |  3 PagesGrammar and Composition lesson 75 Argumentative Essay on Gay Marriage Marriage is the ceremonial binding of two people, male and female, into one couple. Historically, marriage has been the institution when a man and a woman join together with the promise of love, devotion, to always stay together, to be there for each other, to take care of one another and to start a family together. Biblically, marriage has been all the aspects above, but including honoring, loving and growingRead MoreThe Act Of Marriage Has Lost913 Words   |  4 PagesThe act of marriage has lost its appeal for many. Why is that? The view of marriage now is that it is a contract with built in requirements, that the spouse is just another thing that can help meet the selfish needs of the individual. The spouse is just an easy, built in gratifier, so once one of the spouses feel like they are not getting their needs met, they leave the marriage. The notion that marriage is an unselfish covenant relationship has been lost from the minds of those in society andRead MoreSynthe sis Paper on Gay Marriage1240 Words   |  5 Pagesonly occurs between a man and a woman. The article, â€Å"Gay marriage proposals destructive to society, Vatican official says,† is an argument against gay marriage. The author, John Thavis, claims that homosexuals are just struggling to find themselves and that same-sex marriage disrupts the normal sexuality and fertility of a couple. In â€Å"Support for Homosexuals’ Civil Liberties†, Kristin Kenneavy discusses how religious outlooks influence a family’s beliefs on same sex marriage. The two articles showRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Across The Whole World1507 Words   |  7 Pagesregarding same-sex marriage across the whole world. Many religious institutions as well as the people under each denomination, still firmly oppose it even after it’s legalization. â€Å"Religious denominations play a strong role in structuring attitudes about the morality of homosexuality, and support for specific p olicies of toleration and nondiscrimination† (Sherkat, Mattias de Vries and Creek 81). Religion continues to be a major factor towards the society’s views in same-sex marriage. It also determines

The African World-view in Soyinkas Death and the Kings...

The African world-view in Soyinkas Death and the Kings Horsemannbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In his play, Death and the Kings Horseman, Wole Soyinka uses certain literary forms and devices to intermix Yoruba culture and a predominantly European dramatic form to create a play easily understood by the audience, but that allows the introduction of a foreign influence. These devices include the use of a songlike quality in dialogue and the telling of stories, the use of personification and metaphor to give an exotic quality to the play, and the use of certain elements to provide the reader with a sense of the mystic traditions that are Africa. These Yoruban elements are best explained by the character Jane with You talk! Your people with your†¦show more content†¦Elesin: (Executes a brief, half-taunting dance . . . as he chants the story of the Not-I bird, his voice changing dexterously to mimic his characters . . . ) Death came calling. Who does not know his rasp of reeds? nbsp; A twilight whisper in the leaves before The great araba falls? Did you hear it? Not I! Swears the farmer. He snaps His fingers round his head, abandons A hard-worn harvest and begins A rapid dialogue with his legs. (1158) Soyinka uses personification and metaphor to lend an exotic, poetic quality to the play. In this excerpt from page 1159, Elesin personifies envy, symbolizing its attacking quality, uses houseposts as a metaphor to symbolize the building of trust, and termites as a metaphor to symbolize the way in which time eats at all things. Elesin also uses the twilight hour, or the coming of the end of the day, to symbolize the approaching of the end of his life, and bats and rodents as symbols of things that might tarnish the honor given him because of his duty to his king and the trust built with his king. Line 213 begins: Elesin: The world was mine. Our joint hands Raised houseposts of trust that withstood The siege of envy and the termites of time. But the twilight hour brings bats and rodents-- Should I yield them cause to foul the rafters? (1159) Soyinka uses mystic elements to provide the reader with a sense of the Africa of tradition. The religious traditions of Africa are rifeShow MoreRelatedA Dance of the Forest4738 Words   |  19 Pagesof Existence: Myths and Rituals in Wole Soyinka’s Theatre Rosa Figueiredo, Polytecnic of Guarda, Portugal Abstract: The citation for Soyinka’s 1986 Nobel prize for literature reads: â€Å"Who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence†. The â€Å"wide cultural perspective† mentioned refers to the fact that Soyinka’s writings, especially the dramas for which he is best known, are at once deeply rooted in traditional African expressive and performance forms likeRead More Conrads Heart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans2989 Words   |  12 PagesHeart of Darkness and the Dehumanization of Africans      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Western world, generally speaking, is not kind to Africa and its native inhabitants. We acknowledge Africas existence, but we do not want to see or understand anything about it beyond the obvious: overt things that are open to criticism like Apartheid (a European invention). The occasional praiseworthy entity is given momentary applause, but felicitations are short-lived and quickly forgotten. These statements refer just to politics

Contemporary Canadian Business - Cineplex Case Study

Questions: 1.Identify and discuss Cineplex's current business-level strategy. Is it working why or why not?2.Explain what types of diversification are seen in this case? How did Cineplex diversify?3.Which management philosophy do you think would work best for Cineplex? Explain with examples. Answers: 1. Cineplex is using a differentiation business level strategy to meet the needs of its customers amid high competition level in the entertainment market. The company focuses on superior quality and outstanding customer services. Conversely, the company focuses on developing diversified ways of reaching its customers, offering unique services, presenting itself as an exclusive and a prestigious image to the market. Through the differentiation strategy, the company has managed to decrease the competition rivalry in the market. Since 2012, many smaller theatres have been forced to close their doors amid high competition in the market from Cineplex (Kenny, 2009). 2. The company has applied three types of diversification strategies in its operations namely horizontal, concentric and heterogeneous diversifications. Cineplex used the horizontal diversification by digitalising all its current products to appeal to its current customers as well introducing new packages to them (Kenny, 2009). Through concentric diversification, the company has introduced new services by allowing its customers to download movies and watch them at their convenience, contracting big names such as Sony, Universal, Paramount, and Warner Bros to avail a downloaded version of its products. The movies come in different types that allow the customers to watch using either tablets, desktops or smartphones. Lastly, the company applies heterogeneous diversification by acquiring smaller theatres that used to offer different services on its own with the aim of diversifying its portfolio (Wang, 2016). 3. "Focus on market diversification but keep up with the pace!!" The company has used diversification of its service portfolio to maintain customer loyalty and attract the new once. However, the company should be ready to offer new services to keep up with the customers' preference (Wang, 2016). References Kenny, G. (2009). Diversification Strategy: How to Grow a Business by Diversifying Successfully. New York: Kogan Page. Wang, J. (2016). The Wanda Way: The Managerial Philosophy and Values of One of China's Largest Companies. Tokyo, Japan: Lid Publishing.

7 Tips to Manage Your Education Time Successfully

You are in a never-ending battle with laziness, distraction, and lack of motivation. Modern novelties such as mobile phones, social networks, and other accessible online entertainments steal your time even more than before. Almost every student is constantly losing this fight and waste precious hours on something senseless but catchy. After a few months of studying, we realize the importance of productivity. Hard-working people who allocate their time to each activity properly are always a step ahead of those who cant do this. They receive better grades in college, feel less stress and can find any spare minute for their hobbies. So, emerges the question: is there an efficient solution to be more productive these days? Fortunately, the way out exists, and even more than only one. We collected several life-hacks for better time-management and self-inspiration. Enjoy! 1. Adhere to the Plan or Why Schedules are Better than To-do Lists Create a plan for one or two semesters at the beginning of the academic year. Clarify your goals which you would like to achieve during this period of time. Moreover, it is significant to designate the certain timeframe allotted for their accomplishment. In turn, make up a schedule for each day before you go to bed. A classical schedule is preferable over a to-do list due to several reasons: Students spend a lot of time for completing the first point from the list without taking into account the others. As at the end of the day they usually finish only a few of them. The schedule allocates the certain intervals for each task and even for breaks. It allows you managing all the points of a plan. Dont pretend you can do everything within a day or something beyond your skills quickly. Try to manage your schedule according to your current abilities and reckon for emergencies. 2. Check Pomodoro Method and Other Apps for Time-Management Put your phone to good use: download some helpful applications such as Pomodoro. This method was created long before its digital analog, in the 1980s by Francesco Cirillo. Nowadays, it is quite a popular technique among successful and passionate people. The application divides your time into 30-minutes periods; each consists of 25 minutes of working called pomodoro and 5 minutes of rest. After completion of 4 pomodoros, you are allowed to take 15-20 minute break. At the first stages of mastering Pomodoro technique, students stumble upon impulses towards procrastination or switching the task from current to another one. It is a normal adaptation process: after passing through it, you will notice the changes in your work or study efficiency. Strict timing will not afford you to sit around. However, if you found this method not very suitable for you, it is ok. You can try different applications considered as productivity boosters: Carrot, Cram, iTunes, Infinite Storm and many other free and paid programs which can help you with your intentions. 3. Morning Exercises and Evening Walks The morning workout is a great way to start your day productively. Physical activity has a positive impact on brain: during the exercises and sports sessions, your brain produces certain hormones (for instance, endorphins) that improve your mood and make you happier. It also reduces symptoms of stress and depression enhancing your self-confidence and vitality. Evening walks, in turn, normalize sleep and give you a burst of inspiration. Good sleep and motivation are the essentials of successful studying. 4. Put the Phone Away If you are not going to use timers or applications like Pomodoro, turn your airplane mode on your mobile phone. Of course, you can use the internet during studying but close all tabs not related to your particular task. News and social media are your worst enemies, so it is better to avoid contact with this kind of information within a working day. 5. Clean Your Room It may seem unreal, but there is a direct connection between messy room and procrastination. Every time you are surrounded by disorganized space, your mind is getting distracted by objects in disorder. Furthermore, the messy room and the lack of motivation for cleaning create a harmful setting: If I dont clean my area in time, I can break the deadlines in college (university, workplace) too. The place where you live somehow describes you. In this case, it is not in a positive way. The clean room, for its part, doesnt provide you with the details to get distracted by. Each thing is in its appropriate workplace: this inspires you on being focused on what you have to do. 6. Organize the Separate Place for Studying Some students are studying in their bed. Even though a few of them feel more comfortable in relaxing atmosphere, the majority cant cope with a confusing feeling. This space is usually associated with sleeping or relaxation and almost never with hard work. Your brain automatically switches to resting regime, and you cant help it. That is why it is recommended to work at the table. 7. Normalize Your Sleep A lack of good sleep leads to quick exhaustion. Doing more to the disadvantage of the rest is harmful to both health and productivity in the long run. Sleep not less than 6-8 hours per day depending on your individual needs. Another issue concerning sleep is it irregularity and shift to morning hours. Students prefer going to bed around 1-3am instead of finishing all the chores before the beginning of a new day. It has been already proved by scientists that falling asleep between 10pm and 12am is the healthiest habit ever. It is even possible to reduce sleep time after a while adhering to such a regime, and combining it with the healthy diet. Practice and try to change your old life habits to the new one. But not all at once: start with 1-2 tips mentioned above gradually expanding this list of principles and become super productive during your college year.

Definition of an Activated Complex in Chemistry

Definition of an Activated Complex in Chemistry An activated complex is an intermediate state that is formed during the conversion of reactants into products. An activated complex is the structure that results in the maximum energy point along the reaction path. The activation energy of a chemical reaction is the difference between the energy of the activated complex and the energy of the reactants. How an Activated Complex Works Consider a chemical reaction between reactants A and B to form products C and D. The reactants must collide with each other and interact in order to form the products. Several factors improve the chances that A and B will encounter each other, including increased temperature, increased concentration of reactants, or adding a catalyst. In a reaction with an activated complex, A and B form the complex A-B. The complex only forms if sufficient energy (the activation energy) is present. The energy of the activated complex is higher than that of either the reactants or products, which makes the activated complex unstable and temporary. If there isnt enough energy for the activated complex to form the products, it eventually breaks apart into the reactants. If enough energy is available, the products form. Activated Complex Versus Transition State Some textbooks use the terms transition state and activated complex interchangeably, but they mean different things. The transition state refers only to the highest potential energy of the atoms participating in a chemical reaction. The activated complex covers a range of atom configurations that atoms form on their way from reactant to products. In other words, the transition state is the one molecular configuration that occurs at the peak of the energy diagram of the reaction. The activated complex may be present at any point near the transition state.

Religious Beliefs and Government Leadership Research Paper

Religious Beliefs and Government Leadership - Research Paper Example 1-2). Although Romney (2007) cites the influence of religion in the principles of America’s founders, he also states that times has changed, and the emergence of cultural diversity in America requires leaders to maintain their objectivity when making public policy. With his speech, it is evident that Romney supports the notion of Church-State separation, although he admits that his Mormon faith helped shape his values and perspectives in life. In analyzing the speech of Obama and Romney, one can say that both leaders support the separation of Church and State affairs, particularly in their presidential candidacy and in creating leadership policies. For instance, both leaders cite the necessity of providing state benefits and programs that will benefit the majority, regardless of religious beliefs. Thus, although religion influences the decisions of public leaders, politicians should exercise control over their personal opinions lest their opinions violate the beliefs and right s of the majority. However, considering Romney’s argument on faith as a source of one’s fundamental moral principles, one can say that religion, in one way or another, influences how leaders develop their strategies (p. 4). This idea is also evident in Obama’s (2006b) argument about the religious freedom through defining ethics in social interactions (paras. 18-23). Consequently, as a political leader, Obama argues that leaders should take concern of their policies, particularly in the way those policies affect the relationships of the majority. Considering the two speeches, one can say that leaders cannot escape from the influence of religion in their policies, and this is because of the innate tendency of human beings to draw conclusions from our... This paper stresses that the Church-State separation may be considered one of the most challenging aspects of the society, considering that one should maintain objective judgment on critical socio-political aspects. This is particularly true among political leaders, who have to face the challenges of leadership while aligning their values with their existing leadership policies and religious beliefs. For instance, the arguments of Obama, Romney, Cuomo, and Kenney illustrate the challenges of becoming a political leader, which is resolving a crisis while maintaining their diplomacy and religious neutrality. The author diclares that Church-State separation also regulates the power of both political and religious leaders wherein neither can advise the people on their political and religious preferences, particularly during elections. considering the potential biased portrayal of religious traditions in the current pluralistic American society, Obama states that leadership strategies sho uld focus on generating policies that strengthen diplomacy as this ensures objectivity. Relatively, as Obama focuses on the influence of religion on interactions, one can say that Obama’s view on his political office is merely a neutral ground wherein he can discuss policies without having to consider his religious opinions. This report makes a conclusion that Cuomo and Kennedy support the idea of isolating oneself from religious and political influence when creating public policies. Considering that legal enforceable rule on Church-State separation, one can say that presidential candidates should not be evaluated according to their religion. American citizens, regardless of religious beliefs, have the right to establish their political views without undergoing the same religious prejudice that they wish to eradicate in the society.

Chiquita Brands Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chiquita Brands Inc - Research Paper Example Corporate Ethics The strategy for business ethics in Chiquita Brands was begun in 1998 when the company engaged the professional services of SmithOBrien to craft and implement a CSR policy for the company. The first comprehensive CSR report was released in 2004. (SmithOBrien website). Chiquita Brands’ corporate commitment speaks of the corporate values of integrity, respect, opportunity and responsibility as the embodiment of what they are and what they do. The company defines integrity as ethical and lawful business communicated in an open and straightforward manner (Kotler and Lee, 2005). Respect is seen as fair and respectable treatment of people. They recognize that the growth and development of their employees is the key to the company’s success. They take pride in their services and make sure that these exceed customer expectations. As much as they uphold the primacy of their customers, they recognize that their accountability is to all stakeholders, including emp loyees, suppliers, shareholders, communities and the world. (Chiquita website). At Chiquita Brands, corporate social responsibility is an integral part of their global business strategy. They make it a point to live up to the requirements of SA 8000, one of the more credible and verifiable social accountability standards (developed by Social Accountability International), by regularly including the SAI assessment in their corporate responsibility reports. Their openness on issues about their social, environmental and financial performance is highlighted in these reports. (Chiquita website). As part of their pursuit of these corporate commitments, Chiquita Brands has implemented an anti-retaliation policy to encourage the reporting or raising of concerns about potential misconduct and other ethical issues. This policy is available in six key languages to make sure it is understood by employees, contractors and vendors in most Chiquita locations. (Chiquita website). CSR Issues Involvi ng Chiquita Brands Notwithstanding the implementation of a corporate responsibility policy sometime after 1998, a number of violations or infringements resembling CSR violations have been reported and documented involving Chiquita Brands. On of these was the conviction of Chiquita Brands in 2007 by a US court of illegal financial dealing with Colombian terrorists in the form of â€Å"protection money† during the period 2001-2004. $25 Million Fine The court slapped a fine of $25 Million and five-year probation, and was required to hire a permanent compliance officer. Under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act, the fine would have been almost $100 Million, but the court rendered a much lesser penalty in consideration of Chiquita’s self-disclosure and full cooperation (Annual Report 2010). The situation in Colombia is atypical of businesses engaged in landed estates for their production, as in banana production. Where the country is under-developed and the econ omy is struggling, this would have been an ideal location to operate a wide-area plantation because of the low cost of agricultural work (Vellema, 1999). Protection Money Most such areas, however, are characterized by the presence of insurgents who are also members of the local community and who feed on instigating for peasant rights, as in Panama and the Philippines (Vellema, 1999). There is no way an organization

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Example for Free

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Warehousing warehousing is the receiving, storage, and delivery of goods. Receiving – receiving is the acceptance of goods with a degree of accountability therefor. Storage – storage is the safekeeping of goods in a warehouse or other depository. Delivery – delivery is the transfer of goods to the transportation carrier or customer. Distribution – distribution is a function of warehousing which includes the preparation and delivery of goods according to plan or special order. Supply chain efficiencies depend upon the efficiency of logistics including transportation and warehousing operations. Warehouse efficiencies depend upon a combination of warehouse design, layout, infrastructure, systems, process and people. Warehouse Design element aims to maximize the utility of space, equipment and efficiency of operations. We will briefly cover the various elements of a warehouse design and understand their importance. In basic functional aspects, a warehouse function consists of Material receipts including unloading, unpacking and inspection, put away and Storage of materials in various categories of storage locations, systems updating, pull materials for dispatch and delivery of materials after processing. Warehouse Location, Layout and Building The location of a warehouse should ideally be situated in a flat ground. The location should be easily approachable and in a area suited for this nature of business. Locations closer to markets or to national highways would be ideal. Public transportation and communication infrastructure should also be available. The layout of the building should be designed to accommodate fleet parking, and enable containers to drive in and drive out easily. Any time two containers should be able to pass through on the path without any interruption. There should be enough free space for vehicles to maneuver. The layout should also provide for other utility, safety and security operations. Building is normally constructed using galvanized metallic sheets mounted on C Section girdles. The flooring should be RCC concrete with weight bearing capacity as per requirement of the load to be calculated in each case. The ground should be flat, even and smooth surface to facilitate MHE movements and dust free. The roof height would be a major consideration to be able to install multi vertical storage racking installation. The walls and roof should be designed with suitable lighting panels and ventilators for air exchange fitted with bird cages. The number of loading and unloading docs and placement of these docs play an important role in the design of operations and efficiency of operation. All weather docks and the facility should enable 24 hours operations. Dock Levels. The docks should be equipped with dock levelers and all these have to be installed during construction phase itself. Ramps have to be provided to facilitate movement of forklift etc. Lighting design will depend upon the layout and the racking design. Internal Layout Internal layout design will be built taking into account the operational process, nature of goods, volumes of transactions both inbound and outbound, storage types, in house operations involving put away and pull sequences and process requirements including packing, kitting etc and the availability of floor space coupled with building layout design of inbound and outbound docks. The design aims to maximize space utilization, minimize MHE movement and Manpower movement. Types of Storage Types of storage are determined by the nature of cargo. Depending upon the cargo whether finished goods, raw material parts etc, the types of storage can vary from bulk stock, block stock, racking, pallet racking, shelf racking, binning, unit pick or loose pick face, carton pick etc. The storage types vary with nature of materials with different types of storage designs for drums, pallets, tires, cartons, tube and rods etc. Racking Designs Material Handling Equipment Racking Design takes into account the storage type, storage unit, volume and weight coupled with the available floor space and roof height to design system which maximizes the storage capacity. Put away and picking process and transactional volumes are also taken into consideration. The inventory profile study would include detailing of number of SKUs in each category of fast moving, slow moving or other criteria as per the nature of business and the storage type would be designed as per the inventory profile and the process. Racking designs are very many and varies with the type of industries and nature of inventory. Normal racking designs include pallet racking on multiple levels. You can have shelving, binning or combination of bulk stock and forward pick face racking designs. Block stack racking and other types of high density racking can be found in FG warehouses. Mezzanine store binning and shelving rack designs are normally designed for spare parts and small parts. Highly automated racking designs can have automatic retrieval systems and conveyors in the warehouse. Material Handling Equipments are specified based on rack design coupled with pallet design, nature of cargo, weight and the warehouse layout etc. Forklifts, reach trucks, hand pallet jacks, trolleys are normal Material handling equipments in normal warehousing operations. Warehouse Layout Design Sizing the Space Requirements Warehouse layout sizing is a critical aspect of planning a new facility or re-designing an existing building. Many times organisations start from a fixed view of what size the facility will be, and most times the square footage is based on affordability. The problem with this, is that the building may end up be to big, and therefore more expensive or to small and put operational constraints into the facility before the design even gets off the ground. Warehouse Layout and Sizing: The correct way to size the facility is from the inside, that way the actual size required will fit the operational requirements, and will ensure that all available space is used and you are not paying for unused space. Estimating Space Requirements: Short and long term, based upon forecasts, historical usage patterns, and projected changes. Developing new layouts to maximize usage of space. Short- and long-range sizing of individual areas: racks, shelving, automated systems, docks, staging, offices, and support. The final sizing needs to come from the operational requirements of the building, this can only come from modelling the design. Key Factors to Consider during Warehouse Sizing Order Picking: Methods for Piece Pick, Case Pick, and Pallet Pick Operations. Deciding on the amount of space you will need is not just about how much product you wish to store. The type of picking you intend carrying out is a fundamental part of the decision process. The methods for order picking vary greatly and the level of difficulty in choosing the best method for your operation will depend on the type of operation you have. The characteristics of the product being handled, total number of transactions, total number of orders, picks per order, quantity per pick, picks per SKU, total number of SKUs, value-added processing such as private labelling, and whether you are handling piece pick, case pick, or full-pallet loads are all factors that will affect the decision on how much space will be required. Therefore when you have:- Full pallet picking you will need more racking space than open floor space. Lots of case picking you will need more ground floor pick faces, than you will need for full pallet picking and you may also need a case to pallet consolidation floor area. Lots of small quantity piece picking you will need packing pallet consolidation areas on the floor. Holding requirements include defining the physical size of the inventory on hand. Unless the on-hand total is fairly stable across the year, it is usually preferable to plan for a high but not peak inventory level. To fully utilize the space, it is important to determine how product needs to be stored (e. g. , floor stacked, pallet rack, shelving, case flow) and how much of each fixture type will be required. Cube data (length ? width ? height) for each product is a very useful kind of information for many aspects of capacity planning. Workflow requirements encompass everything from how product arrives to how it leaves the facility and everything in between. The objectives of this aspect of planning are to minimize product handling, to reduce travel as much as possible, and to minimize the resource requirements (labor, packaging, transportation) to move the product to the customer. Among the factors to consider are the following: (1) Link the way product arrives with where it is to be stored (location capacity). If possible, store all of a product in one location and pick from that location as well. This does not work if stock rotation matters (expiration dates, serial number, or lot control issues). 2) Locate the highest-volume products (greatest number of orders, not physical size) closest to the outbound shipping area to minimize the travel required to pick and ship orders for them. (3) Because vertical travel is always slower, locate as many products as possible on or close to the floor. (4) Allow for staging space to handle product that is in transit, such as items waiting to be put away. Warehousing was supposed to disappear with L ean Manufacturing. This has rarely occurred but the nature of warehousing often does change from storage-dominance to transaction dominance. Warehousing buffers inbound shipments from suppliers and outbound orders to customers. Customers usually order in patterns that are not compatible with the capabilities of the warehouse suppliers. The amount of storage depends on the disparity between incoming and outbound shipment patterns. In addition, the trend to overseas sourcing has increased the need for warehousing and its importance in the supply chain. | Design StrategiesOne key to effective design is the relative dominance of picking or storage activity. These two warehouse functions have opposing requirements. Techniques that maximize space utilization tend to complicate picking and render it inefficient while large storage areas increase distance and also reduce picking efficiency. Ideal picking requires small stocks in dedicated, close locations. This works against storage efficiency. Automation of picking, storage, handling and information can compensate for these opposing requirements to a degree. However, automation is expensive to install and operate. The figure below shows how different transaction volumes, storage requirements and technologies lead to different design concepts.

Staphylococcus aureus Essay -- Essays Papers

Staphylococcus aureus Life History and Characteristics: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacterium that is usually found in the nasal passages and on the skin of 15 to 40% of healthy humans, but can also survive in a wide variety of locations in the body. This bacterium is spread from person to person or to fomite by direct contact. Colonies of S. aureus appear in pairs, chains, or clusters. S. aureus is not an organism that is contained to one region of the world and is a universal health concern, specifically in the food handling industries. Diseases: The most common health concern associated with S. aureus is food poisoning caused by the release of enterotoxins, even in small doses, into food. Release of less than 1 microgram of toxin is sufficient to contaminate food enough to illicit symptoms of food poisoning. The infective dose of toxin is generally present when food is contaminated with an excess of 100,000 bacteria per gram of food. The intensity and variety of symptoms resulting from S. aureus food poisoning differ from individual to individual, but some of the most common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and prostration (complete physical or mental exhaustion). It usually takes 2 or 3 days to recover from S. aureus food poisoning, but in some instances individuals will require more time to fully recover. Even though S. aureus is mainly associated with food poisoning, the bacterium can penetrate the skin or other mucous membranes to invade a range of tissues which will cause a variety of infections. Superficial infection of the skin can cause boils, impetigo, styes (infection of the glands or hair follicles of the eyelids), folliculitis, and furnacles. All of these infections are charac... ...ood to above 60 degrees C and storing food below 7.2 degees C are two effective ways of controling S. aureus growth in food. The most important recent epidemiological information concerning this organism involves the increasing resistance to antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is the most common of these antibiotic resistant organisms. The effects of MSRA are the same as any other S. aureus infection, however, MSRA infections are a difficult to treat because there are few effective antibiotics available. MSRA infections are generally not life threatening, however in some extreme cases death can occur. References: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/hip/Aresist/mrsa.htm http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lecturestaph http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap3.html http://www.bacteriamuseum.org/species/staphaureus.shtml http://www.dermnetnz.org/index.html

Software Engineering

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT – I INTRODUCTION: The goal of this paper is to analyze about three major software projects namely †¢ The London Ambulance System †¢ The Virtual Case File †¢ The Automatic Baggage System By analyzing these software projects and the software engineering principles followed, the key factors responsible for the software projects failure can be understood. Each of these projects has failed miserable as they didn’t follow proper software engineering principles. In this term paper the following projects have been studied and reason for their failures are identified.Finally there is a comparison off all the three software projects studied. The methodology followed in writing this term paper is reading the following reference materials available in the internet and extracting the key points for the failures of the software projects. The papers referenced for writing the following term paper are 1. H. Goldstein. Who Killed the Virtual C ase File? IEEE Spectrum, Sept. 2005, pp. 24–35. 2. Statement of Glenn A. Fine, Inspector General, US Dept. of Justice, 27 July 2005. 3. A.Finkelstein and J. Dowell. A Comedy of Errors: the London Ambulance Service Case Study. 4. Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service (February 1993), by A. Finkelstein, 5. Richard de Neufville. â€Å"The Baggage System at Denver: Prospects and Lessons,† Journal of Air 6. Barry Shore. â€Å"Systematic Biases and Culture in Project Failures,† Project Management Journal CONCLUSION: The conclusion after studying these three papers, for any software projects the good principles of software engineering should be followed. The software development process should be properly planned with achievable and realistic deadlines. All the three projects had poor planning with unrealistic deadlines. †¢ Great importance should be given to the requirements gathering phase and it should not be changed during the middle of the d evelopment †¢ Developers should develop the projects with proper coding standards so that there is no issue during the integration of different modules. †¢ Time critical projects should require critical and solid reasoning as well as good anticipation of problems and perform risk management. The schedule of the software projects should have good portion of time in testing the software product developed. †¢ Finally, as far as possible keep the complexity of the system to manageable levels and tested effectively. LONDON AMBULANCE SYSTEM In October 1992 the Computer Aided Despatch (CAD) system developed by Systems Options was deployed for the London Ambulance System (LAS). The goal of the software system was to automate the process of the ambulance service for the London Ambulance System (LAS) in the city of London, United Kingdom.The implemented project was a major failure due to variety of factors. The Each component of good state of the art has been ignored, each guid eline of the Software engineering has ignored by the management and authorities’ neglected basic management principles. The working of the LAS can be summarized as: the system gets request by phone calls and sends ambulance based on nature, availability of resources. The automatic vehicle locating system (AVLS) and mobile data terminals (MDT) was used to perform automatic communication with ambulances.Some of the major reasons for the failure of the London ambulance system can be stated as: †¢ The deadline given for the completion of the project was six months. The project of such big magnitude cannot be completed within a small deadline. †¢ The software was not fully developed and incomplete. The individual modules were tested, but the software was not tested fully as a integrated system. †¢ The resilience of the hardware under a full load condition had not been tested before the deployment of the software. The flash cut over strategy was used to implement the system which was a high risk and moreover it didn’t have any backup systems to revert on failure. †¢ Inappropriate and unjustified assumptions were made during the specification process of the project. Some of the few assumptions that were made are : ? Complete accuracy and reliability of the hardware system. ? Perfect location and status information. ? Cooperation of all operators and ambulance crew members. †¢ Lack of consultation with the prospective users of the system and subject matter experts. The Software requirement specification was excessively prescriptive, incomplete and not formally signed off. †¢ The London Ambulance system underestimated the difficulties involved in the project during the project blastoff phase. †¢ Inadequate staff training. The crew members were not fully trained on the operation of the new software and their prior experience was not used in the newly developed software. The Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service by Anthony Finkelstein also gives us more information about the failure of the system. Some of the are listed below as follows: It states that â€Å"the CAD system implemented in 1992 was over ambitious and was developed and implemented against an impossible timetable†. †¢ In addition, the LAS Committee got the wrong impression, that the software contractor had prior experience in emergency systems; this was misleading in awarding the contract to systems options. †¢ Project management throughout the development and implementation process was inadequate and at times ambiguous. A major project like this requires a full time, professional, experience project management which was lacking. The computer system did not fail in a technical sense, the increase in calls on October 26 and 27 1992 was due to unidentified duplicate calls and call backs from the public in response to ambulance delays. †¢ â€Å"On 4th November 1992 the system did fail. This was cause d by a minor programming error that caused the system to crash†. VIRTUAL CASE FILE SYSTEM The primary goal of the Virtual case file (VCF) system was to automate the process of FBI paper based work environment, allow agents and intelligence analysts to share vital investigative information, and replace the obsolete Automated Case Support (ACS) system.In ACS tremendous time is spend in processing paperwork, faxing and Fedexing standardized memo. Virtual case file (VCF) system was aimed at centralizing the IT operations and removes the redundancy present in various databases across the FBI system. In September 2000 the FBI Information technology upgrade project was underway. It was divided into three parts. †¢ The Information Presentation Component †¢ The Transportation Network Component †¢ User Application Component The first part involved distribution of new Dell computers, scanners, printers and servers.The second part would provide secure wide area networks, al lowing agents to share information with their supervisors and each other. The third part is the virtual case file. The Virtual Case File system project was awarded to a US government contractor, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The FBI used cost plus – award fee contracts. This project was of great importance because the FBI lacked the ability to know what it knew; there was no effective mechanism for capturing or sharing its institutional knowledge. This project was initially led by former IBM Executive Bob E. Dies. On 3th December 2003, SAIC delivered the VCF to FBI, only to have it declared dead on arrival. The major reasons for the failure of the VCF system can be summarized as: †¢ The project lacked clearly defined schedules and proper deadlines, there was no formal project schedules outlined for the project and poor communication between development teams that was dividing into eight teams to speed up the project completion. †¢ The softwa re engineering principle of reusing the existing components was ignored. SAIC was developing a E – mail like system even though FBI was already using an off – the – shelf software package. The deployment strategy followed in implementing the system was flash -cutover. It is a risky way a deploying a system as the system would be changed in a single shot. †¢ The project violated the first rule of software planning of keeping it simple. The requirement document was so exhaustive that rather of describing the function what it should perform it also stated how the functions should be implemented. †¢ Developers coded the module to make individuals features work but were not concerned about the integration of the whole system together.There was no coding standards followed and hence there was difficulty in the integration process. †¢ The design requirement were poorly designed and kept on constantly changing through the development phase. The high level documents including the system architecture and system requirements were neither complete nor consistent. †¢ Lack of plan to guide hardware purchases, network deployments, and software development. †¢ Appointment of person with no prior experience in management to manage a critical project such as this was grave mistake, appointment of Depew as VCF project manager. Project lacked transparency in the work within the SAIC and between SAIC and the FBI. †¢ Infrastructure including both the hardware and network was not in place to test thoroughly the developed virtual case file system by SAIC which was essentially needed for flash cut off deployment. †¢ The requirement and design documentation were incomplete, imprecise, requirement and design tracings have gaps and the maintenance of software was costlier. †¢ According to the report by Harry Goldstein, â€Å"there was 17 ‘functional deficiencies’ in the deployed Virtual Case File System†.It didn’t have the ability to search for individuals by specialty and job title. All these above factors contributed to the failure of the Virtual Case File System which wasted a lot of public tax payers’ money. AUTOMATIC BAGGAGE SYSTEM The automatic baggage system designed for the Denver International Airport is a classic example of a software failure system in the 1990’s. With a greater airport capacity, the city of Denver wanted to construct the state of art automatic baggage handling system. Covering a land area of 140 square kilometer the Denver airport has 88 airport gates with 3 concourses.The fully automated baggage system was unique in its complexity because of the massive size of the airport and its novel technology. The three other airports that have such systems are the San Francisco International Airport, International airport in Frankfurt and the Franz Joseph Strauss Airport in Munich. This project is far more complex than any other projects, because it has 12 times as many carts as in exiting comparable system . The contract for this automatic baggage system was given to BAE automated systems. In 1995 after many delays, the baggage system project was deployed, which was a major failure.The baggage carts derailed, luggage was torn and the system completely failed. But the system was redesigned with lesser complexity and opened 16 months later. GOALS OF THE PROJECT: The system calls for replacing the traditional slow conveyor belts with telecars that roll freely on underground tracks. It was designed to carry up to 70 bags per minute to and from baggage check-in and checkout at speed up to 24 miles/hour. This would allow the airlines to receive checked baggage at their aircraft within 20 minutes. The automatic baggage system was a critical because the aircraft turnaround time was to be reduced to as little as 30 minutes.The faster turnaround time meant more quickly the operations and it increases the productivity. The installers are quoted has having planned â€Å"a design that will allow baggage to be transported anywhere within the terminal within 10 minutes†. PROJECT SCOPE: The International airport at Denver three concourses and initially it aimed at automating all the three concourses. But later the concourse B was alone designed to be made automatic. The project was later redefined to handle only outbound baggage. It does not deal with the transfer of bags. STAKE HOLDERS:The major stake holders in the project can be identified as: †¢ The Denver International Airport Management. †¢ The BAE Automated Systems. †¢ The Airline Management. The project blastoff according to Robertson & Robertson states that during this phase it has to identify all the stakeholders and ask their inputs for the requirements. In the ABS System the Airline Management was not made to involve in the blastoff meetings to provide their inputs and excluded from the discussions. As well as the risk should be anal yzed properly during the blast off which was also a draw back in this system.This was a perfect example of failure to perform risk management. The cost estimation of the project was incorrect as it exceeded the estimated cost during the development. So, Aspects in which the project blastoffs were not addressed can be summarized as follows: †¢ The underestimation of complexity †¢ Poor stakeholder management †¢ Poor Design †¢ Failure to perform risk management There were only three â€Å"intense† working session to discuss the scope of the project and the agreement between the airport management and BAE automated systems.Although BAE automated systems had been working in the construction of the baggage system in concourse B for United Airlines, the three working session is not sufficient to collect all the requirements for the construction of the automate baggage systems. This shows clearly a poor software engineering principle because requirements are the k ey base factors for the project to be built upon. Reports indicate that the two year deadline for the construction of the automatic baggage system is inadequate. The reports that showed that project required more than two years are as follows: â€Å"The complexity was too high for the system to be built successfully† by The Baggage System at Denver: Prospects and Lesson – Dr. R. de Neufville Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 1,No. 4, Dec, pp. 229-236,1994 †¢ None of the bidders quoted to finish the project within two years. †¢ Experts from Munich airport advised that a much simpler system had taken two full years to complete and it was system tested thoroughly six months before the opening of the Munich airport. Despite all this information the decision to continue with a project was not based on the sound engineering principles.ABS REQUIREMENT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION The Automatic Baggage System constructed by the Airport Management was a decision taken two years before the opening of the new Denver International Airport. Initially the concourse B meant for United Airlines was supposed to be constructed by the BAE Automated Systems and all other airlines had to construct their own baggage handling mechanism. Later the responsibility was taken by the Denver Airport Management to construct the Automatic Baggage System.The integrated nature of the ABS system meant that airport looks after its own facility and has a central control. The BAE plan to construct for the concourse B was expanded to the other three concourses which was a major change in the strategy of the airport construction. Moreover the airport management believed that an automated baggage system would be more cost effective than manual system given the size of the massive airport. During the development phase the requirements kept on changing which added additional complexity to the project. Though in the contract there was learly statement no change in requiremen t would be accommodated, they accepted the changes to meet the stakeholder needs. For example the addition of the ski equipment racks and the addition of maintenance track to allow carts to be serviced without being removed from the rails and able to handle oversized baggage. The baggage system and the airport building shared physical space and services such as the electrical supply. Hence the designers of the physical building and the designers of the baggage system needed to work as one integrated team with lot of interdependency.Since the construction of the airport was started initially the building designers made general allowances in the place where they thought the baggage system would come into place. Hence the designers of the automatic baggage system have to work with the constraints that have already been placed. For example sharp turns were supposed to be made due to the constraints placed and these were one of the major factors for the bags to be ejected from the carts. The design of the automatic baggage system â€Å"Systematic Biases and Culture in Project Failures†, a Project Management Journal is as follows. Luggage was to be first loaded onto the conveyor belts, much as it is in conventional baggage handling system. †¢ These conveyors would then deposit the luggage in the carts that were controlled by computers. †¢ The luggage would travel at 17 miles per hour to its destinations, as much as one mile away. †¢ The automatic baggage system would include around 4000 baggage carts travelling throughout the airport under the control of 100 computers with processing power up to 1400 bags per minute. However the design with the above architecture failed as it was not able to handle variable load.It was also suffering from various problems they are identified as: †¢ The software was sending carts out at the wrong times, causing jams and in many cases sending carts to the wrong locations. †¢ The baggage system continued to unload bags even though they were jammed on the conveyor belt. †¢ The fully automated system may never be able to deliver bags consistently within the times and at the capacity originally promised. †¢ In another case the bags from the aircraft can only be unloaded and loaded into the unloading conveyor belt is moving, this belt moves only when there are empty carts.Empty carts will only arrive after they have deposited previous loads; this is a cascade of queues. †¢ Achieving high reliability also depends on the mechanical and the computers that controlled the baggage carts’ reliability. †¢ Errors may occur during reading or transmitting information about the destinations. There may be various scenarios during which these errors can take place. Some of them are listed as below. 1. The baggage handler may place the bag on the conveyor with the label hidden. 2. The baggage may have two labels on it. one from the previous flight. 3. The labels may be muti lated or dirty. . The label may not lie in the direction of the view of the laser reader. 5. The laser may malfunction or the laser guns stop reading the labels. †¢ The reading of information is vital in the automatic baggage system since the whole system is dependent on the information transmitted from reading of the labels and this information must be transmitted by radio to devices on each of the baggage carts. †¢ There is no available evidence of effective alternative testing of the capability of the system to provide reliable delivery to all destinations under variable patterns of load.This variable demand made in the system is famously called as the line balancing problem. That is, it is crucial to control the capacity of the system so that all lines of flow have balanced service. This problem can be avoided by eliminating situations where some lines get little or no service, to avoid the possibility that some connections simply do not function or in other words cont rol the emptiness. This failure also was because the entire system was developed within a two year deadline and hence the automatic baggage system was not testing completely with variable loads.Lack of testing also is a major reason for this failure. These all are the major factors that led to the failure of the automatic baggage system in Denver international airport. Subsequently a much less complex system was design and implemented sixteen months later. This newly designed system had the following functionality as follows: †¢ Serve only one concourse, the concourse B for United Airlines. †¢ Operate on half the planned capacity on each track. †¢ Handle only outbound baggage at the start. †¢ Not deal with transfer bags. COMPARISON OF ABS, VCF and LAS PROJECTS All the management teams of the three projects wanted the software system to be built quickly without taking into consideration of the system requirement. †¢ Hence all the system had unrealistic deadli ne to be met. †¢ Because of these unrealistic deadlines the system didn’t follow proper software engineering standards and principles. †¢ In all the three projects during the project blastoff phase the requirements gathering activity was not proper and incomplete, due to which the requirements kept on changing during the development phase. †¢ Lack of consultation with the stake holders and prospective users. All the three projects Software requirement specification was excessively prescriptive, incomplete and not formally signed off. †¢ All the three systems were not properly tested before deployment due to lack of time and tight schedules. The timeline was not reasonable for any of the projects. †¢ There was poor communication between the developers, customers and the clients in all the projects. †¢ The identification of the stake holders and collecting requirements from the stake holders and subject matter experts was not proper and incomplete. ASPECTS |ABS |VCF |LAS | |DEPLOYMENT STRATEGY |It was deployed in a single phase|Flash Cutover strategy was used in|Flash Cutover strategy was used | | |with a major failure of the |replacing the ACS System |in replacing the existing System | | |system | | | |PROJECT SCHEDULE/DEADLINE |Had a very tight schedule of two |Over ambitious schedule |Had a very tight deadline, two | | |years to implement | |years(1990 – 1992) | |PROJECT PLANNING |Poor Planning, The system was |Poor Planning and constantly |Good Engineering practice were | | |decided to be developed two years|changing milestones |Ignored | | |before the completion of the | | | | |airport | | | |SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION |Kept on changing to meet the |Slowly changing design |On the fly code changes and | | |needs of the stake holders |requirements |requirement changes | |PROJECT BLASTOFF |There was only three intense |The project blastoff phase didn’t |It left out the view of the | | |session to colle ct the |collect all the requirements |customers and subject matter | | |requirements which is inadequate |properly |experts | |REUSABLITY |This system didn’t have any back |They already had e-mail like |The existing communication | | |up system to reuse |system which could have been |devises in the ambulance system | | | |reused but new mail system was | | | | |written | | |CODING/TESTING |The system was not tested with |The software system followed the |Backup dispatch system not tested| | |variable load |spiral developmental model and not|and the overall software not | | | |tested as a whole |system tested | |SYSTEM DESIGN |The system design was too complex|The system was not base lined and |The System design was incomplete | | | |kept on changing | | |BUGS |System was unable to detect bugs |59 issues and sub issues were |81 Know Bugs in the Deployed | | | |identified |System | |ASSUMPTIONS/ |It was dependent on computers |No major assumptions were made in |Perfect location information and | |DEPENDENCY |that controlled the baggage cars |this project |dependent on the MDT | | | | |communications | PERSONAL REFLECTION: †¢ After reading all the three projects I now understand that development of software not necessary has to be coding the software properly but there are various aspects apart from coding like requirement gathering, risk analysis, testing. †¢ The requirements gather should plays a vital role in software development and it has to be properly made in consultation with all the stakeholders, customers of the software. †¢ Understanding the complexity of the software being developed. †¢ Proper planning and schedule of events for the development activities. Deadlines for the software development should be realistic and achievable †¢ Use of any of the software engineering models for the development like waterfall model, Bohms’ spiral model, incremental work flow model or agile software development. †¢ Last but not the least the software developed should be thoroughly tested for finding out flaws in the development and fixing them. REFERENCES: 1. H. Goldstein. Who Killed the Virtual Case File? IEEE Spectrum, Sept. 2005, pp. 24–35. 2. Statement of Glenn A. Fine, Inspector General, US Dept. of Justice, 27 July 2005. 3. A. Finkelstein and J. Dowell. A Comedy of Errors: the London Ambulance Service Case Study. Proc. 8th Int.Workshop on Software Specification and Design (IWSSD96), pp. 2–4, Velen, Germany, 1996. 4. Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service (February 1993), International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Case Study. Electronic Version Prepared by A. Finkelstein, with kind permission from the Communications Directorate, South West Thames Regional Health Authority. 5. Richard de Neufville. â€Å"The Baggage System at Denver: Prospects and Lessons,† Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 1, No. 4, Dec. 1994, pp. 229–236. 6. B arry Shore. â€Å"Systematic Biases and Culture in Project Failures,† Project Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, 2008, pp. 5–16.

Airbus and Boeing a Comparison - 1605 Words

aIRBUS AND bOEING: a cOMPARISON by Jeffrey Everette Hardee A Paper Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for PUP 598 - Air Transportation and Regulation ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY September 2004 It may be argued that the next major challenge in the business of air transportation, beyond the invention of heavier-than-air flight and jet-powered planes, is the worldwide separation of the market between two mega-corporations. Airbus and Boeing currently dominate about 90% of the air transportation market with very few major competitors on the horizon. However, Canadian-based Bombardier is creeping up in its business jet market share of 27% (Bombardier press release, 12/4/2003). The competition between Airbus†¦show more content†¦This agreement is currently being renegotiated further in an attempt to eliminate all government subsidies. The US continues to charge Airbus with an unfair advantage, while the EU has charged Boeing with receiving equal, if indirect, subsidies. If these negotiations fail, both parties have indicated their willingness to take their case to the World Trade Organization (WTO) for arbitration, but industry insiders believe tha t this is an empty threat as both companies would benefit the most without WTO oversight. The newest models in production by Airbus and Boeing represent their competing views of the future of the industry. The Airbus A380 is their solution to growing traffic between major hubs. Their plans for the A380 signify their current goals of reducing operating costs, increasing range, reducing fuel burn, and reducing noise and emissions (Airbus, Aircraft Families – Introduction A380 Family). The Boeing 7E7 is their solution for non-stop flights between secondary cities. 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